The Gardeners Almanac

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Caterpillar - Butterfly - Moths


Overview:

Black/yellow spotted caterpillar

Moth Caterpillar

Grey/Green slightly furry caterpillar

Cabbage White

Light green spotted caterpillar

Large White Caterpillar

The caterpillars of the large cabbage white butterfly are up to 45mm (1¾”) long and are hairy with yellow and black markings, and those of the small cabbage white butterfly are up to 30mm (1¼”) long and have a velvety green appearance.

Cabbage moth caterpillars are up to 38mm (1½”) long and are greenish-brown in colour with relatively hairless bodies.

Cabbage moths have one generation with caterpillars feeding from July to September.

Both cabbage white butterflies have two generations a year with caterpillars active between May and October.

Holes in the foliage, caterpillars and excrement pellets on leaves are a tell tale sign of their presence.

Life Cycle:

The life cycle of butterflies and moths is divided into 4 phases.


The Egg stage:

The caterpillar eats its way through the shell.


The Caterpillar stage:

This is the stage most detrimental to the gardener i.e. when the caterpillar/s feed on the host plant.

When fully fed, the caterpillars crawl away and pupate above ground level in sheltered places.

Small cabbage whites and the cabbage moth caterpillar bore into cabbage heads, whereas the larvae of the large cabbage white remain on the outer leaves.

As the Caterpillar grows it expands, necessitating it to moult.

This is normally between 4-6 months for most caterpillars.


The Pupa stage:

The body is extensively rearranged to form the adult moth or butterfly.

Moths usually construct a protective cocoon in which to pupate.

Some spin leaves to form a simple cocoon, whilst others incorporate bark and wood to make an elaborate chamber.

Butterflies are mostly suspended from leaves and stems.

The caterpillar spins a silk thread to hang from.


The Adult stage:

As the pupa skin splits open, the adult begins to emerge and swallows air to expand the body.

When fully emerged, the adult rest whilst pumping blood into the wings to expand and dry them.

Control:

Prevention is often easier than cure!

Red wings with black anf yellow markings

Tortoiseshell

Red wings with eye like markings on each wing section

Peacock

White wings with a few black spots

Cabbage White

Blend of light and dark brown wings

Fritillary

To avoid the situation, cover the young plants with agri-fleece after planting out, this will prevent the moths & butterflies depositing there eggs on the plants.


It is easier to control younger caterpillars than older ones, so regular inspections for signs of these pests are worthwhile.

Hand picking will eliminate small infestations,otherwise spray with a suitable insecticide.

Biological controls are also available by mail order.